Wednesday, November 27, 2019

SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is one of two major tests used for admission to 4-year colleges and universities in the United States. Colleges selecting for academic ability often use the SAT, or its counterpart, the ACT, as acriticalfactor when deciding whether or not to grant admission to prospective students. Table of Contents IntroductionFunctionOverall StructureCritical ReadingMathematicsWritingSAT Question TypesSAT LogisticsSAT PreparationSAT Scoring and PercentilesSAT / ACT ComparisonsSAT History Editor's Note: This article is the home page of the SAT PrepScholar's Students' Encyclopedia, 2016 Edition. This guide is updated annually to provide an encyclopedic range of facts on SAT topics with a focus on content relevant to students and parents. Introduction In addition to measuring academic ability, the SAT is meant to evaluate students' college readiness. Its Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing sections are designed to test the skills of math and literacy that students need to succeed in college level courses.Students may prepare for the SAT through their classroom learning and SAT-specific preparation, which may involve SAT books, tutoring, and/or online prep programs. Over 1.67 million high school graduatesin the class of 2014 tookthe SAT. Some middle school students also take the SAT as practice or to qualify for talent competitions, like the Duke Talent Identification Program and Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth program. The SAT is administered by the nonprofit organization, College Board. The current version of the SAT, which consists of three sections and allows for a maximum composite score of 2400, has been in place since 2005. Starting in March of 2016, a redesigned version of the test, commonly referred to as the new SAT, will be administered. The new SAT will feature changes in format, content, and question type, as well as returnto a pre-2005 1600 scoring system. According to College Board, these changes were made in order to more accurately reflect the skills students are learning in their classrooms, as well as to ensure greater equity in achievement across diversesocio-economic backgrounds. SAT commentators have noted that the new SAT will more closely resemble the ACT in many ways, perhaps reflecting College Board's attempt to remain competitive with the increasingly popular ACT. The current version of the SAT consists of three sections: Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing, which includes an essay. Each section is scored on a scale from 200 to 800 in 10 point increments. The lowest possible composite score is a 600 total, while the highest is a 2400 total. The sections aredivided into 25, 20, or 10 minute subsections, each of which is strictly timed. The total examtime is 3 hours and 45 minutes. The actual test-taking time is longer due to time given toproctor-led instructions and three 5 minute breaks. Students register for the SAT online through their College Board accounts. It is also possible to register by mail (this method of registration is required for students under the age of 13). The cost for students in the U.S. is $54.50, while international fees vary by country. Students for whom the registration fee presents a financial obstacle may be eligible for fee waivers, which waive both the cost of the test and official score reports sent to colleges. Students with documented disabilities may also request special accommodations, the most common of which is additional time. In the U.S., the SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. Technically, students may register for and take the SAT an unlimited number of times.At least half of all students take the SAT twice, with others opt to take the SAT additional times. Students may use College Board's Score Choice to report only the score reports of their choice to colleges unless the college is one of the few that don't allow Score Choice. Students are statistically likely tosee score improvements when they retake the test. SAT preparation has also been shown to lead to significant score improvementson the test. Function The SAT is meant to be a standardized assessment of the academic and reasoning skillsthat students need to succeed in college. Muchof a college application is based on local data, such asGPA and course selection. The SAT is largely used to give anational perspective to students'abilityand college readiness. Many 4-year colleges and universities in the U.S. require the SAT or ACT as part of students' applications. Admissions officers consider SAT scores alongside other aspects of a student's application, including his/her grades, extracurricular involvement, teacher and counselor recommendations, and personal essay. Schools differ in how they consider SAT scores, soit benefits students to research their colleges' policies and incorporate theminto their SAT preparation and test-taking schedules...[Read more here] Overall Structure The SAT has three main sections, Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing. It tests the skills of reading comprehension, problem-solving with algebra, geometry, and probability, rules of English grammar, and expositorywriting. The main sections are divided into a total of ten subsections, which might be 10, 20, or 25 minutes in length. One of these sections is experimental, or variable, and is used to develop material for future tests and ensure scoring accuracy. The experimental section is unscored and may be Critical Reading, Math, or Writing. The SAT is allmultiple choice questions, with the exception of a 25 minute essay and ten student-produced Mathematics questions.Each section is scored on a scale from 200 to 800, with a maximum possible composite score of 2400. The entire test is 3 hours and 45 minutes, though administration is typically about 4.5 hours to include instructions and breaks...[Read more here] Critical Reading The Critical Reading section tests students' skills of reading comprehension and understanding of vocabulary. Itpresents short, long, and paired passages and asksquestions about main purpose, author perspective, and vocabulary, among otherquestiontypes. Critical Reading questions also require the ability to understand relationships within sentences and to insert appropriate vocabulary words when prompted. Critical Reading comprises 70 minutes with two 25 minute sections and one 20 minute section. It asks 48 passage-based questions and 19 sentence completions. Typical preparation for this section involves a review of literary terms, studying high level vocabulary words, and taking timed practice tests...[Read more here] Mathematics The Mathematics section of the SAT asks students to solve problems by applying or combining skills from pre-algebra, algebra, geometry, and probability. Interpretation of data from graphs and charts is also tested. Students who have taken a high school level algebra and geometry class have likely learned the requisite concepts to succeed on the SAT Math section. There are two 25 minute sections and one 20 minute section in SAT Math. In total, these sections contain 44 multiple choice and 10 student-produced questions, commonly referred to as grid-in questions. Students are allowed to use a calculator on this section, though most questions do not require complex calculations...[Read more here] Writing The Writing section targets skills of English grammar and essay writing. To succeed in this section, students must be able to identify and revise grammatical errors and improve the sequence of ideas within paragraphs. Highly scoring essays typically follow a 5 paragraph structure and support a clear point of view with well-developedand relevant examples. The Writing section consists of a 25 minute essay and 25 minute and 10 minute multiple choice sections. The essay is always the first section on the SAT, and the 10 minute multiple choice section is always last. Students receive a subscore for their essay, which counts for approximately 30% of their Writing section score. The multiple choice makes up the remaining 70%...[Read more here] SAT Question Types There are a total of 170 questions on the SAT, plus the essay. 160 of these questions are multiple choice, each with five answer choices. The other 10 are student-produced math questions, which are answered in a special section of the answer sheet.Most questions are arranged in order of increasing difficulty, with the exception of passage-based Critical Reading questions, which follow chronologically with the passage(s) to which they refer. SAT score reports show students how many questions they answered correctly and incorrectly by question type and difficulty level. Students can alsorequest College Board's Question and Answer service for an additional fee, which will give them a detailed report of how they answered each individual question on their test...[Read more here] SAT Logistics The SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. The spring date, which alternatelyfalls in March or April, is not available internationally.The cost of the SAT is $54.50 and students typically register online through their College Board accounts. Students may request fee waivers if the test poses a financial barrier, as well as accommodations for documented disabilities. Additional fees apply for late registration, standby testing, registration changes, scores by telephone, or Question and Answer service. In order to report their scores to colleges, students must send official score reports through College Board. Depending on their colleges' policies, students may be able to use College Board's Score Choice option to select which score reports are sent...[Read more here] SAT Preparation SAT preparation has been shown to lead to score improvements on the test. The main methods of test preparation are self-studying from books, SAT classes, one-on-one tutoring, and, more recently, online programs (which may contain a one-on-one tutoring component). All of these approaches have strengths and weaknesses, and students benefit from choosing the method that is most effective for them....[Read more here] SAT Scoring and Percentiles Each section of the SAT is scored on a scale from 200 to 800. The minimum composite score is 600, while themaximum is 2400. Students receive one point for every correct answer, zero points for skipped answers, and a deduction of 0.25 points for wrong answers. Their raw scores areconverted to scaled scores through a process called equating, which takes into account the performance of all students who took the test on a given administration. In addition to their scaled scores, students receive a percentile ranking that compares their results with other students. Colleges rarely publicize that they requirea minimum SAT score, but they dotypically release data on the average SAT scores of accepted students. (Full article to come soon!)...[Read more here] SAT / ACT Comparisons The SAT and ACT are accepted equally by colleges as admissions tests. Historically, students on the East and West coasts took the SAT and Midwestern students took the ACT. More recently, the number of test-takers for each exam isapproximately equal. While both tests are meant to measure academic ability and college readiness, they differ in content, format, scoring, and overall structure. Students benefit from choosing the test that will help them achieve the stronger score for their college applications. (Full article to come soon!)...[Read more here] SAT History The SAT was first administered to college applicants in 1926. It was developed from an Army intelligence test used for recruitment during World War I. The SAT was initially developed in order to assess students' abilitiesregardless of social or financial background. The SAT has undergone numerous changes and revisions throughout the years, with a significant redesign set to take effect in March of 2016. The SAT has been at the center of both controversies and cheating scandals. Critics of the test maintain that it favors students from uppersocio-economic backgrounds whose parents have a high level of educational attainment. College Board maintains that the SAT is a fair standardized assessment of students' skills and college readiness, and that the redesigned SAT will further align with the content knowledge and skills students are learning within their classrooms...[Read more here]

Saturday, November 23, 2019

50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid

50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid 50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid 50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid By Mark Nichol In conversation, it’s easy in the midst of spontaneous speech to succumb to verbosity and duplication. In writing, redundancy is less forgivable but fortunately easy to rectify. Watch out for these usual suspects: 1. Absolutely certain or sure/essential/guaranteed: Someone who is certain or sure is already without doubt. Something that is essential is intrinsically absolute. A guarantee is by nature absolute (or should be). Abandon absolutely in such usage. 2. Actual experience/fact: An experience is something that occurred (unless otherwise indicated). A fact is something confirmed to have happened. Actual is extraneous in these instances. 3. Add an additional: To add is to provide another of something. Additional is extraneous. 4. Added bonus: A bonus is an extra feature, so added is redundant. 5. Advance notice/planning/reservations/warning: Notices, planning, reservations, and warnings are all, by their nature, actions that occur before some event, so qualifying such terms with advance is superfluous. 6. As for example: As implies that an example is being provided, so omit â€Å"an example.† 7. Ask a question: To ask is to pose a question, so question is redundant. 8. At the present time: â€Å"At present† means â€Å"at this time,† so avoid the verbose version. 9. Basic fundamentals/essentials: Fundamentals and essentials are by their nature elementary, so remove basic from each phrase. 10. (Filled to) capacity: Something filled is done so to capacity, so describing something as â€Å"filled to capacity† is repetitive. 11. Came at a time when: When provides the necessary temporal reference to the action of coming; â€Å"at a time† is redundant. 12. Close proximity/scrutiny: Proximity means â€Å"close in location,† and scrutiny means â€Å"close study,† so avoid qualifying these terms with close. 13. Collaborate/join/meet/merge together: If you write of a group that collaborates or meets together, you imply that there’s another way to collect or confer. To speak of joining or merging together is, likewise, redundant. 14. Completely filled/finished/opposite: Something that is filled or finished is thoroughly so; completely is redundant. Something that is opposite isn’t necessarily diametrically opposed, especially in qualitative connotations, but the modifier is still extraneous. 15. Consensus of opinion: A consensus is an agreement but not necessarily one about an opinion, so â€Å"consensus of opinion† is not purely redundant, but the phrase â€Å"of opinion† is usually unnecessary. 16. (During the) course (of): During means â€Å"in or throughout the duration of†), so â€Å"during the course of† is repetitive. 17. Definite decision: Decisions may not be final, but when they are made, they are unequivocal and therefore definite, so one should not be described as â€Å"a definite decision.† 18. Difficult dilemma: A dilemma is by nature complicated, so omit difficult as a modifier. 19. Direct confrontation: A confrontation is a head-on conflict. Direct as a qualifier in this case is redundant. 20. End result: A result is something that occurs at the end, so omit end as a modifier of result. 21. Enter in: To enter is to go in, so throw in out. 22. Estimated at about/roughly: An estimate is an approximation. About and roughly are superfluous. 23. False pretense: A pretense is a deception, so false is redundant. 24. Few in number: Few refers to a small number; do not qualify few with the modifier â€Å"in number.† 25. Final outcome: An outcome is a result and is therefore intrinsically final. 26. First began, new beginning: A beginning is when something first occurs, so first and new are superfluous terms in these cases. 27. For a period/number of days: Days is plural, so a duration is implied; â€Å"a period of† or â€Å"a number of† is redundant. It’s better to specify the number of days or to generalize with many. 28. Foreign imports: Imports are products that originate in another country, so their foreign nature is implicit and the word foreign is redundant. 29. Forever and ever: Ever is an unnecessary reduplication of forever. 30. Free gift: A gift is by definition free (though cynics will dispute that definition), so free is extraneous. 31. Invited guests: Guests are intrinsically those who have an invitation, so invited is redundant. 32. Major breakthrough: A breakthrough is a significant progress in an effort. Though major is not directly redundant, the notable nature of the event is implicit. 33. [Number] a.m. in the morning/p.m. in the evening: The abbreviations a.m. and p.m. already identify the time of day, so omit â€Å"in the morning† or â€Å"in the evening.† 34. Past history/record: A history is by definition a record of past occurrences, and a record is documentation of what has already happened. In both cases, past is redundant. 35. Plan ahead: To plan is to prepare for the future. Ahead is extraneous. 36. Possibly might: Might indicates probability, so omit the redundant qualifier possibly. 37. Postpone until later: To postpone is to delay. Later is superfluous. 38. Protest against: To protest is to communicate opposition. Against is redundant. 39. Repeat again: To repeat is to reiterate an action, so again is unnecessary. 40. Revert back: Something that reverts returns to an earlier state. Back is superfluous. 41. Same identical: Same and identical are just that (and that). Omit same as a qualifier for identical. 42. Since the time when: Since indicates a time in the past; â€Å"the time when† is superfluous. 43. Spell out in detail: To spell out is to provide details, so â€Å"in detail† is repetitive. 44. Still remains: Something that remains is still in place. Still is redundant. 45. Suddenly exploded: An explosion is an immediate event. It cannot be any more sudden than it is. 46. Therapeutic treatment: Treatment in the sense of medical care is by nature therapeutic, so the adjective is redundant. 47. Unexpected surprise: No surprise is expected, so the modifier is extraneous. 48. Unintended mistake: A mistake is an inadvertently erroneous action. The lack of intention is implicit. 49. Usual custom: A custom is something routinely and repeatedly done or observed, and usual is redundant. 50. Written down: Something written has been taken down. Down is superfluous. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceHow Long Should a Paragraph Be?Honorary vs. Honourary

Thursday, November 21, 2019

MBA - Marketing Strategy report on General Motors Research Proposal

MBA - Marketing Strategy report on General Motors - Research Proposal Example With every organization wanting to expand their reach and make an imprint in various markets, there will be enough opportunities for it, to initiate that expansion drive. So, when the organization has enough opportunities, it can set targets and formulate various strategies to achieve those targets and thereby beat off the competitors. Every organization’s survival and success in the light of stiff competition hinges on the success of its main or flagship product. It is the ‘key’ that opens the door of success or profit. So, for an organization to survive in a competitive market, and to increase its profits in an optimum manner, its products have to be marketed optimally. Toeing that line, this report will determine the current marketing strategy of General Motors. Then, the report will evaluate the strategies in view of its existing business environment, recommended improvements that would enable them to compete more effectively. General Motors Corporation (GM), a multinational corporation, was founded in 1908 as a holding company for a firm called Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant. Now, it functions as a conglomerate manufacturing and selling, cars and trucks under the brands of Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GM Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saab, Saturn and Vauxhall. Each of these brands has a number of cars and trucks under its division or arm. Even though, they are manufactured in one unit, vehicles coming under each brand are most times marketed differentially and some times in unison. Headquartered in Detroit, Michigan (USA), GM manufactures automobiles in 35 countries, capturing a sizeable portion of the world market share. GM was thus acknowledged as the worlds largest automaker, based on global industry sales. GM was able to hold on to this top position for the last 77 calendar years. But, its reign as the top automaker was threatened in the last few years. Apart from the intens e competition put

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Pollution in the environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pollution in the environment - Essay Example Holdgate also asserts that, â€Å"the significance of pollution is related to its effects on a range of targets or receptors including man and the resources and the ecological systems on which he depends† (17). As human beings have flourished in all the fields of science such as medicine, technology, nuclear bombs etc. the types of pollutants have also become very diverse beginning from vehicle smoke to radioactive chemicals and extremely dangerous ultra-violet rays. Hence it can be inferred that the damage is now out of control because every aspect of human life that is associated with comfort and health directly or indirectly discharges some form of pollutant and helps in further destroying the environment. 1.1. Types of pollution Any type of component, rays or object that effects the environment is some way can be perceived as a pollutant as it is, â€Å"any substance introduced into the environment that adversely affects the usefulness of a resource† (Hill 8). Conse quently pollution can be divided into many sub-divisions such as air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, light pollution etc. Although the causes for all these types of pollutions are self-explanatory yet it is interesting to observe the manner in which one component helps in spreading so many types of pollutions all at once. For example radioactive rays and chemicals simultaneously hold the power of polluting the natural resources like soil, water, plants and air. Then again noise, smoke and light can be dangerous for the atmosphere as well as the ozone layer which is protecting us from highly radioactive ultraviolet rays of the sun. Even the cutting down of trees and forests can also be perceived as a form of pollution spread because less tress mean less greenery and excessive spread of pollution as plants and trees fight against pollution by absorbing many harmful gases that are present or discharged in the atmosphere. Hence it can be understood that alth ough urbanization and modern advancements in the fields of science and technology have its perks yet it has also resulted in stealing the peace, quiet and beauty of nature leaving man in a figurative desert of unhealthy surroundings where everything is either stale or dull devoid of freshness and life. Although all ecosystems of planet earth are very important yet it should be realized that it is impossible for human beings to survive without water and some of recent incidents of spilling of highly dangerous substances in different seas and oceans show that human beings are not understanding the extent of damage that is going to be caused and is being caused because of their carelessness. Moreover this issue requires some careful planning and plotting to remedy the situation otherwise there is a possibility that human beings will be facing water shortage which will ultimately lead to vanishing of water from planet earth which in other words means death. 2. Water Pollution Water poll ution can be defined as, "any impairment of the composition or state of water resulting directly or indirectly from human agency, in particular to the detriment of: its

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Childbirth and Preterm Infants Essay Example for Free

Childbirth and Preterm Infants Essay Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on family and society (short and long term, including economic considerations, ongoing care considerations, and co-morbidities associated with prematurity). Discuss whether you feel that support services and systems in your community for preterm infants and their families adequately address their needs or not. Explain your answer. Respond to other learners posts in a manner that initiates or contributes to discussion. Racial and ethnic disparities in health disproportionately affect minority Americans. One of the greatest challenges facing the US healthcare system is the persistence of disparities in infant and maternal health among the different racial and ethnic groups. This disparity in healthcare outcomes does not appear to be limited to the Black community only, but rather it seems to affect all minority groups. In this context, American Indian/Alaska Native infants have higher death rates than White infants because of higher SIDS rates. The exact cause of these persisting racial disparities remains unexplained. The differences in socioeconomic status, maternal risky behaviors, prenatal care, psychosocial stress, and perinatal infection account for more disparities. Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin have higher IMRs than White infants because of higher LBW rates. One major risk factor for preterm birth is maternal genital infection. Others include extremes of maternal age, maternal cigarette smoking and substance abuse, history of PTD and maternal medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. There are support services and CHC’s available in our area for minority group women, preterm infants and their families to address their needs.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Dr. Seuss The Butter Battle Book and the Cold War Essay -- Dr. Seuss

Dr. Seuss' The Butter Battle Book and the Cold War Dr. Seuss is an important figure in the lives of children everywhere. His stories are children’s classics that are fun to read and also tackle some real life issues. Dr. Seuss’s political views are very apparent in his some of his books like The Butter Battle Book, which discusses the issues of the Cold War. In The Butter Battle Book, two groups, the Zooks and the Yooks, are at odds with the way they butter their bread. One group, the Zooks, have their bread butter side down. The Yooks have their bread butter side up. In this book they are at a point where the â€Å"crisis† has reached its peak. Each group has come up with weapon after weapon to keep the other group out. Both groups then have a Bitsy Big-Boy Bomberoo and they are at a standoff. The story ends as the two are ready to drop the Bomberoo. Dr. Seuss ends the book at a stalemate. We never find out how the Zooks and Yooks end the whole disagreement. In reality, Dr. Seuss takes a look at the stalemate that was occurring between the United States and the former Soviet U...

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Advantages and disadvantages of the doctrine of precedent Essay

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the doctrine of precedent and how judges may make new law. Include 1 case where judges have made new law. The doctrine of precedent is an important feature of judge-made law (common law). This doctrine means that similar disputes should be decided by reference to the same legal principles, and that lower courts are bound to follow the decisions of higher courts within the same court hierarchy. There are both advantages and disadvantages of the doctrine of precedent and the way in which judges may make new law. An advantage of judge made law is that decisions are based on principle – meaning that judges are not making up the law as they go. The doctrine of precedent provides for consistency in the application of the law, which therefore promotes justice and fairness (as the courts will decide ‘like’ cases in the same way). There is also some degree of certainty, as the outcome of cases can be predicted based on previous decisions. The advantage of precedent is that it allows for the law to grow to meet new situations, and to be flexible to meet changing needs – which therefore provides for the efficient operation of the legal system. On the other hand, judge-made law is slow to evolve. The courts are not free to make law in the same sense as parliament. Unlike parliament, judges cannot make law as an immediate response to a community demand or when a general need is perceived. A disadvantage of precedent is that rigidity and inflexibility may develop where judges are reluctant to depart out-of-date or inappropriate precedents. Uncertainty can also arise where there is more than one precedent that may apply to a particular set of circumstances. Change may be slow and irregular because change can only occur when a complainant has a significant case that is subject to an appeal. Given the cost of litigation, not all complainants may be prepared to persist with a legal action under these circumstances. Also, the law develops retrospectively meaning that a problem must exist before the court will consider the circumstances – it does not operate to avoid possible conflicts. Landmark decisions (from which new principles develop) are few and far between. They usually arise from cases on appeal heard in the highest courts. An example of an Australian case where judges have made new law is Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills [1936] AC 85. This case involved similar  circumstances to the landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson, [1932] AC 562. In this case the plaintiff, Dr. Grant, bought some woollen underwear from a store. The underwear had been manufactured by the Australian Knitting Mills Ltd. Dr. Grant suffered dermatitis as a result of wearing the woollen underwear. It was later discovered that the condition was caused by the excessive use of chemicals in the process used to make the underwear. According to the doctrine of precedent, the court would have applied the rule of law stated in Donoghue v. Stevenson to the case of Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills. Like Mrs. Donoghue, Dr. Grant was deemed to be a ‘neighbour’. He was a person who was closely and directly affected by the act of the manufacturer and the manufacturer ought to have had him in mind as being affected when preparing the underwear. The manufacturer had a duty to take reasonable care to avoid acts that they could reasonably foresee would be likely to injure consumers such as Dr. Grant. Dr. Grant was successful in his claim for damages. This was the first Australian case to adopt the legal principle of negligence. In summary, judges make laws by comparing similar situations and following sets of principles to determine outcomes. This is known as the doctrine of precedent and it creates common law – which has both advantages and disadvantages.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Harry S. Truman and Korea -to Unite Essay

The Chinese joined the Koreans side and helped fight back against US troops. General MacArthur -To completely defeat the Korean and Chinese armies. -President Truman ordered for him to stop his assault on the Asian countries. -He persisted and was eventually fired because his arrogance cost them the battle. President Truman -To keep Korea from becoming a communist country. -China helped North Korea fight the war to spread communism. They joined with the allies in the UN to help stop the spread of communism. China -To spread and maintain communism -They were afraid of the US and UN invading them -They planned a surprise attack which was successful. United Nations -To stop the spread of communism. -MacArthur persisted on fighting. -They relieved general MacArthur of his duties. How did General Douglas MacArthur react to the events in Korea? What was his stance on the Korean War? – He decided to keep pushing against the enemy’s border. He believed China did not have enough resources to fight back. He wanted to take out the Chinese army once and for all. How did President Truman respond to the events in Korea? What was his stance on the Korean War? – President Truman wanted to stop the spread of communism in the East. He fought a war against North Korea and China to keep communism away from South Korea. He wanted to end the fighting once they had cleared Chinese troops from Korea. Which leader’s actions were the most justifiableGeneral McArthur’s or President Truman’s? Support your claim with evidence from the lesson. – President Truman’s actions were more justifiable because He knew when the battle was over. He did not want to keep pushing against the enemy. The push that MacArthur made on China caused them to lose the battle and be attacked in a surprise. Would the outcome of the Korean War have been different had General MacArthur not been fired? Why or why not? Support your claim with evidence from the lesson. – I think the outcome might have been different if MacArthur had not been fired. They might have kept fighting against China until they had completely wiped out their army. They could also have disbanded all communism in Korea and maybe in China as well.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Educating The Educators Professor Ramos Blog

Educating The Educators â€Å"For too long, our society has shrugged off bullying by labeling it a ‘rite of passage’ and by asking students to simply ‘get over it.’ Those attitudes need to change. Every day, students are bullied into silence and are afraid to speak up. Lets break this silence and end school bullying.† (Linda Sanchez) Bullying has been happening for an extremely long time, is there really a solution that can put an end to it? The answer is yes and we would do so by educating those around us, the community. Merriam-Webster’s dictionary definitions bullying as â€Å"abuse and mistreatment of someone vulnerable by someone stronger, more powerful, etc.† (webster) There are four main types of bullying which include verbal bullying done by: name calling, threatening and disrespectful comments, Physical bullying such as: hitting, kicking, pushing, Relational bullying which involves deliberately making someone feel left out by not letting them be involved in whatever you’re doing, and lastly cyber bullying which is done by spreading false information about someone else via: email, text and/or social media. Bullying has become such a huge problem that the National Institute of child health and human development did a study and found that â€Å"one in five children from grades 6 to 10 reported that they had traditionally bullied their classmates with 10% admitting they do it sometimes and 9% admitting to bullying at least once a week† (Cole et al., 2006). So why are so many kids bullying? Many kids find at this age it is crucial to fit in and believe by doing so is key, also helps ensure that they arent the victims of bullying. Another reason includes a childrens home situation. If things arent going well at home, or they themselves are victims of bullying by someone at home then they are more likely to do it to others, â€Å" it has been found with families that enforce rules which encourage aggressive behaviour† (Riclan, Klicperrova, Koucka, 1993). There are many long term and short term effects on bullying it was found that children who were victims of bullying have a higher risk for â€Å"common somatic problems such as colds, or psychosomatic problems such as or thinking about suicide.† (Wolke and Lereya) If a child is bullied in middle childhood by the age of 18-50 years old they are more likely to have anxiety or depression and attempts of suicide. It can physically affect someone to by â€Å"bodily pain, headaches and slower recovery from illnesses† (Wolke and Lereya) Being a victim of bullying can push someone to the edge so how do we end it and prevent it from happening again? I believe the main solution to this ongoing problem is to educate. Better educating teachers, parents and children on what happens to victims of bullying, the outcomes and giving them the proper tools to handle situations can really be the change we need. Back in 1983 the norwegian ministry of education came up with Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) the goal was to end bullying in schools with four principles which were to â€Å"have adults at school to show a positive interest and be involved in students lives, set firm limits, use non hostile negative consequences when rules are broken, function as authorities and positive role models.† (Olweus, 1993a, 2001a; Olweus et al., 2007). Teachers are the main focus and having them encourage good behavior and forming a trust with your students. Giving them a positive role model can start a change with how bullying is happening in school. Doing activities so that students can interact with each other and form bonds can actually lower bullying rates. This also creates a safe space for kids who get bullied outside of the classroom because their classmates can comfort them and give them a sense of community. Educating teachers on how to properly handle situations where a child i s potentially being bullied can play a huge part on ending bullying. Taking it further than inside the classroom and going district wide and having a code of conduct put into place by involving the community, children’s parents, etc. Being on the same page and setting a standard for children by enforcing the values of empathy, respect, and personal responsibility and setting clear consequences. Having school wide assemblies on bullying and bringing more awareness to the harm it can do to people will really open students eyes and make them think of if what they assume to be â€Å"just a joke† can do to another person. Doing this multiple times throughout a school year as well as a guest speaker or someone who can give a personal story involving bullying. Showing students a better way to handle their emotions rather than taking it out on other students by giving helpful, healthy and beneficial ways on resolving conflicts. This tool will help them in the long run not just with dealing with bullies but life skills that can help in work situa tions and so much more. Kids spend an average of eight hours in school so, how do we stop bullyings such as cyber bullying, which usually occurs when kids are at home. In this scenario parents/ guardians are key.   The first step for parents is being aware and knowing the warning signs that you’re kid is either being a bully, being bullied or witnessing it happening. This would be things such as sudden mood changes and behavioral changes. From the age you think it’s appropriate for your child to begin using technology, especially their own device,   Monitoring their online use by knowing exactly the reasons they are using the internet for. Children in adolescence often get carried away with technology, so limiting the use of it will overall help. Teaching your kids from the very beginning appropriate ways to use technology and the inappropriate uses can help them understand and give them guidelines to follow. By being open and communicating will allow a trust to be built and will make your child feel more comfortable coming to you if something is going on. A change needs to start, and we need to start with younger kids because they will continue to set examples for the new generations after them.We need informed and involved parents and teachers and the community to come together and end bullying. â€Å"But for bullying to stop completely, we need the kids who are growing up now to influence the generations to come. We need them to teach their kids and others positive messages so they will be able to affect this generational change.‘’ (Mendoza) Work cited Cole, J.C.M., Cornell, D.G., Sheras, P. (2006). Identification of school bullies by survey methods. Professional School Counselling, 9, 305-313. Mendoza. Toward a world without bullying. uOttawa. https://www.uottawa.ca/tabaret/en/content/toward-world-without-bullying Olweus, A useful evaluation design, and effects of olweus bullying prevention program. Psychology, crime law. Dec. 2005 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dan_Olweus/publication/282827799_The_olweus_bullying_prevention_programme_Design_and_implementation_issues_and_a_new_national_initiative_in_Norway/links/56f921e808ae38d710a2f8d2.pdf Sanchez. LBGT youth need our voices to stand up against bullying. April 2014 https://www.huffpost.com/entry/lgbt-youth-need-our-voice_b_5132800 Stop bullying. U.s Department of health and human service. Sep. 2017 https://www.stopbullying.gov/what-you-can-do/index.html Websters collegiate dictionary. 11th ed. 2003. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bullying Wolke et al. Long Term effects of bullying. Open access. Feb. 2015. https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/100/9/879.full.pdf

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

House Republicans Move to Cut Federal Workforce

House Republicans Move to Cut Federal Workforce With their morale already about to bottom out, the nearly 3 million civilian employees of the federal government now face two Republican-backed bills that would eventually eliminate many of their jobs. Taking the Forced Attrition Approach First up to bat, Rep. Cynthia Lummis (R-Wyoming) introduced the Federal Workforce Reduction Through Attrition Act (H.R. 417), which Rep. Lummis says would reduce the federal workforce by 10% over the next 5 years â€Å"without forcing any current federal employees out of a job.† Instead, the bill would allow the federal agencies to hire only one employee for every three that retire or otherwise leave service, saving an estimated $35 billion over those 5 years, according to Lummis. Through attrition at that rate, the bill requires a net reduction of 10% or nearly 300,000 jobs from the federal civilian federal workforce by September 30, 2016.  The bill would not apply to Postal Service workers, who are not exactly government employees, anyway. â€Å"We’ve racked up over $18 trillion in debt simply because Washington has no idea when to stop spending,† said Rep. Lummis in a press release. â€Å"Attrition is a solution that requires the federal government to do what any business, state, or local government would do to cut costs limit new hires.† In addition, should even one agency fail to comply with the one-for-three attrition plan, the bill would slap that agency with an immediate total hiring freeze. â€Å"Instead of blindly filling empty desks, this bill forces agencies to take a step back, consider which positions are crucial, and make decisions based on necessity rather than luxury,† said Lummis, adding, â€Å"Real, productive job creation takes place on Main Street America, not in the bloated federal government.† Finally, concerned that the agencies would try to â€Å"backfill† their departing employees by simply hiring even more costly third-party contractors, Lummis’ bill requires the agencies to match their reductions in employees with cuts in their numbers of service contracts awarded. The last action on the  Federal Workforce Reduction Through Attrition Act  took place on Jan. 20, 2015, when it was sent to the  House Committee on Oversight and Government.   Defense Employees In the Crosshairs Meanwhile over at the Department of Defense (DOD), where morale is even lower, the almost 770,000 civilian employees will be watching the Rebalance for an Effective Defense Uniform and Civilian Employees (REDUCE) Act (H.R. 340), introduced by Rep. Ken Calvert (R-California). Rep. Calvert’s REDUCE Act would force the DOD to cuts its civilian workforce by a substantial 15% about 116,000 employees – by the year 2020 and keep it at or below that level until 2026. According to Rep. Calvert, the workforce cuts would essentially reverse the 15% growth of the civilian DOD workforce that has occurred since the 9/11 terror attacks. In his statement on the REDUCE Act, Rep. Calvert cites former Secretary of the Navy John Lehman as estimating that a 15% reduction in the DOD’s civilian workforce would save $82.5 billion over the first five years. â€Å"The continued growth in our civilian staff at the DOD comes at a time when we are reducing the number of active-duty military personnel something is clearly wrong with that equation,† Calvert said in a press release. â€Å"Simply put, if we fail to correct this trend our uniformed soldiers, not to mention American taxpayers, will suffer the consequences.† Perhaps even more menacing to DOD employees is that, unlike Rep. Lummis’ bill, which specifies attrition as the method, the REDUCE Act does not specify how the DOD is to cut its workforce.    Instead, the REDUCE Act requires only that the DOD find a way to â€Å"responsibly adjust† its number of civilian workers, leaving anything from attrition to â€Å"round them up and lay them off,† on the table. The bill would give the Secretary of Defense greater authority to consider job performance in personnel decisions and to use voluntary separation incentive payments and voluntary early retirement payments in order to achieve the required workforce cuts. â€Å"Our current and retired military leaders have widely acknowledged the need to establish a more efficient defense workforce in order to preserve our national security posture in the future,† said Rep. Calvert. â€Å"However, actions speak louder than words and I continue to believe Congress will ultimately have to force DOD’s hand to implement these necessary changes.† No further action on the REDUCE Act has taken place since Aug. 13, 2015, when it was referred to the House  Subcommittee on Readiness.   Federal Employee Unions Object Labor unions are designed to protect jobs, so as you might expect, federal-employee unions strongly oppose both of these bills. In a press release, American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) President J. David Cox said the size of the federal workforce as a percentage of the total U.S. workforce had already shrunk to a level unseen since the Eisenhower administration (1953 – 1961). Fearing the federal workforce will suffer a â€Å"death by a thousand cuts,† Cox said, â€Å"Federal employees protect Americans’ freedom to lead a decent private life without having to worry about basic necessities such as safe food and infrastructure.† â€Å"When anti-government lawmakers talk about cutting the already underfunded and understaffed federal workforce, it’s important to ask who they want to cut,† said Cox. â€Å"Do they want to get rid of employees who care for our veterans, inspect foods, keep air and water clean, forecast tornadoes, rescue victims of natural disasters, design safe roads and bridges, find a cure to deadly diseases, conduct research on energy efficiency, keep air travel safe, protect communities from criminals, analyze security and financial risks, advance science to drive further economic growth, protect people against discrimination in employment, ensure workplace safety and security, manage defense contracts worth billions of dollars, etc?†

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Bojangles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bojangles - Essay Example Here in this place, his tap lessons were learned and became 'Bojangles'. In this particular place, he learned the ways to earn a living through dancing and entertaining in local beer gardens, worked as bootblack and danced in public passing a hat around. Here in this place, he experienced maturity against life's challenges which gave him the courage to go and explore possibilities. At age 12, he left Richmond and rode a freight train to Washington, DC. Starting his journey of self-sufficiency as race track worker, Robinson took the road in hard work. After the first taste of professional show business gig in The South before the War and enlisting himself during World War I serving as the drum major of the 369th Infantry Regiment, the so-called "Harlem Hellfighters.", Robinson was determined to be a performer. This foot-work driven undaunted by the then racial discrimination managed to catch the limelight of entertainment amidst the world of white racial dominance in New York City. Among his achievements, he became George W. Cooper's foil, became solo performer and became famous for his debut tap stair dance. To become a show headliner, some of his gimmicks planned together with his manager Marty Forkins include setting a world's record in the backwards 75-yard dash (in 8.2 seconds) beating athletes and won sports world attention. He was offered Broadway shows and was able to enrapture the audience with his performance. Such kind of performance even made its way to New York's 1939 World's Fair. His entertainment skills also provided him the means to invade film industry with the movie phenomenon Shirley Temple. Having grown in poor conditions but managed to live decently, Robinson was able to earn his living using his talents of entertainment, a skill he learned in his childhood. Having known poverty, he was kind hearted and had lived generously both in spending, gambling and in charity works. He was known to donate in kind and in deeds to several organizations and foundations and also in Richmond. His gambling addiction and unsystematic charity works were said to drain his wealth such that he died poor despite of his million dollars earnings during his more than fifty-year show business career. His interests in this lavish spending and gambling episodes can be traced back to the time when he was just a boy earning his penny and spending his time in corner streets. Though a compulsive gambler, he did not drink. Robinson's tasteful dressing was also one of the most notable characteristic. In his sixties, Robinson was far from a kid who tap danced to earn pennies; he had achieved wealth and fame in a racist society. Instead of opting for retirement he continued to perform. He lived a principle of hardwork in his performances, "what success I achieved in the theater is due to the fact that I have always worked just as hard when there were ten people in the house as when there were thousands. Just as hard in Springfield, Illinois, as on Broadway" to quote him. The circumstance in which he was forced into retirement even culminates in his major benefit for the American Heart Association, held at the Copacabana, in New York City, a month before his seventieth birthday. After doing extra, more vigorous steps than the standard routine, he suffered a massive heart attack backstage.

Friday, November 1, 2019

The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights Essay

The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights - Essay Example With regard to the exercise of the cultural rights protected under article 27 [of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights], the Committee observes that culture manifests itself in many forms, including a particular way of life associated with the use of land resources, especially in the case of indigenous peoples. Discuss whether Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which New Zealand is a signatory, is effective in protecting the right of MAORI to enjoy Maori culture in New Zealand. Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights gives to the Maori culture the right to engage in fishing activities and it reiterates its obligations to ensure that these rights are recognized. The Fisheries Settlement has achieved this to a large extent in as much as it gave them the right to revenue through quota together with Maori participation in the Sealords deal in what may be called as the modern day embodiment of Maori claims to the commercial fishery. In this way, Maori exercises effective control in a company through their shareholding and their representatives on the Board of Directors and has placed them in an unprecedented position to expand their presence in the market through the acquisition of further quota and fishing assets as well as through diversification in international catching processing and marketing. Its implementation is ensured and protected by the Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Commission and its companies as well as individual tribes. Apart from this, the Fisheries settlement has come a long way in protecting non-commercial fishing i.e. for customary food gathering and a successful attempt has been made to recognize the special relationship between Maori and places of importance for customary food gathering. It may be noted that the right of minorities under Article 27 is not unlimited. They are subject to reasonable regulation provided these measures have a reasonable and ob jective justification and are consistent with the other provision of the Covenant and most importantly do not result in a denial of right. In Re Mahuika V New Zealand, it was held by one of the committee members that as far as in relation to Article 27 of the Covenant, an overall settlement of fisheries claims is found to be compatible to Article 27 provided that the conditions of effective consultation and securing the sustainability of culturally significant forms of Maori fishing are met. The Human Rights Committee was of the view that there is no breach of any article of the Covenant. In pursuance of the protection of the rights of the Maoris under Article 27 of the Covenant, the State has ensured that through a tedious and complex process of consultation with the various Maori groups it has attempted to secure broad Maori support to a nationwide settlement and regulation of fishing activities. It was only when there was substantial Maori support that the Settlement was enacted. It would not be out of place to mention that the consultation process gave special attention to the cultural and religious significance of fishing for the Maori inter alia to securing the possibility of Maori individuals and communities to engage themselves in non-commercial fishing activities. In this way, the State has taken necessary steps to ensure that the Fisheries Settlement and its enactment through legislation including the Quota Management System are in line with article 27.